Biological diversity plays a fundamental role in the capacity of marine ecosystems to maintain and keep the balance and regulate the climate, as well as increase the resilience of ecosystems. Knowledge of the structure and dynamics of primary producer communities, consumers and decomposers, determinant in the processes of storage and flow of materials and energy, is key in the sustainable use of marine ecosystems. A healthy ocean provides ecosystem services such as the production of food and marine bioproducts, among others.